غلوكاغون ( بالإنجليزية: Glucagon ) هو عبارة عن هرمون عديد الببتيد (بروتينات)، هام لأيض الكربوهيدرات، تفرزه خلايا ألفا في جزر لانجرهانز في البنكرياس ويتم يتم إنتاجه من البروجلوكاجون، ينتمي فصيلة السكرتين من الهرمونات. الغلوكاغون هو هرمون ببتيد تنتجه خلايا ألفا في البنكرياس. The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation Glucagon is a prescription medicine used to treat very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Glucagon is also used to stop stomach movement during radiologic (x-ray) examinations undertaken to diagnose certain disorders of the stomach or intestines. Glucagon is available as an auto-injector, prefilled syringe, or injection vial. Warning Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose. Glucagon administered through a parenteral route relaxes smooth muscle of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, and colon. Pharmacokinetic Glucagon helps your liver break down the food you eat to make glucose. If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia . This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out
Glucagon is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the A-cells (alpha-cells) of the pancreatic islets and is an important hormone in preventing a fall in the blood glucose concentration Taborsky et al (1998). Glucagon for therapeutic use may be derived from bovine or porcine pancreas, or from recombinant DN A Glucagon is a hormone that works with other hormones and bodily functions to control glucose levels in the blood. It comes from alpha cells found in the pancreas and is closely related to insulin-secreting beta cells, making it a crucial component that keeps the body's blood glucose levels stable
Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone produced by cells in the islets of Langerhans. Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid peptide that is produced specifically by the alpha cells of the islets. It has a high degree of similarity with several glucagon-like peptides that are secreted by cells scattered throughou Glucagon, sold under the brand name Baqsimi among others, is a medication and hormone. As a medication it is used to treat low blood sugar , beta blocker overdose , calcium channel blocker overdose , and those with anaphylaxis who do not improve with epinephrine . [8
يستعمل حقن الجلوكاجون Glucagon في حالات الطوارئ التي ينخفض فيها مستوى السكر عن المعدلات الطبيعية في الدم ويستخدم كحقن وريدي او عضل في الحال حيث يعمل الجلوكاجون على تحرير السكر المتخزن في الكبد ويخرجه الى الدم ، ولكن في. Glucagon, which is secreted by the a cells of the pancreas, has a molecular weight of 3450.It is the most potent hepatic glycogenolytic agent known. The amino acid sequence of glucagon is presented in Fig. 7-9.In contrast to insulin, glucagon is composed of a single amino acid chain of 29 residues and is devoid of disulfide linkages Pancreasul secretă glucagon atunci când nivelul glicemiei scade prea mult. Glucagonul stimulează ficatul să transforme rezervele sale de glicogen în glucoză, care este imediat eliberată în sânge (glicogenoliza). Glucagonul și insulina fac parte dintr-un sistem feedback ce menține glicemia la un nivel acceptabil Glucagon is indicated in the correction of severe hypoglycemic conditions. Glucagon is helpful in hypoglycemia only if liver glycogen is available. Glucagon and glucose may be used together without decreasing the effects of either
Glukagon (eller glucagon) er et hormon som udskilles til blodet, når man har lavt blodsukker. Det sørger for at regulere vores blodsukker, så det ikke bliver for lavt. Det udskilles fra bugspytkirtlen når blodsukkeret bliver for lavt. Herefter sørger det for at der frigives energi til blodet, specielt i form af sukker Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Hypoglycemia is physiologically the most potent secretory stimulus and the best known action of glucagon is to stimulate glucose production in the liver and thereby to maintain adequate plasma glucose concentrations. However, glucagon is also involved in hepatic lipid and amino acid metabolism. GlucaGen ® is a prescription medicine used to treat very low blood sugar (severe hypoglycemia) that can happen in people who have diabetes and use insulin. GlucaGen ® contains an injection of glucagon, and works by triggering the liver to release stored sugar, raising blood sugar levels. It is injected under the skin, similar to how insulin.
Glucagon comes as a solution (liquid) in a prefilled syringe and an auto-injector device to inject subcutaneously (just under the skin). It also comes as a powder to be mixed with a provided liquid to be injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly (into the muscle), or intravenously (into a vein) Glucagon. Glucagon has a major role in maintaining normal concentrations of glucose in blood, and is often described as having the opposite effect of insulin. That is, glucagon has the effect of increasing blood glucose levels. Glucagon is a linear peptide of 29 amino acids Glucagon is a 29 amino acid hormone used as a diagnostic aid in radiologic exams to temporarily inhibit the movement of the gastrointestinal tract and to treat severe hypoglycemia. 5,6,7,8,10 Glucagon raises blood sugar through activation of hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulating glycogenolysis and the release of glucose. 7, Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone liberated in the α cells of the islets of Langerhans. For an overview of glucagon action, see the section on the Glucagon receptor. Glucagon-producing α cells represent one of the earliest populations of detectable islet cells in the developing endocrine pancreas. Glucagon is generally viewed as a hormone that opposes the action of insulin in.
The Role of Insulin and Glucagon - Negative Feedback Syste Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is enzymatically-derived from proglucagon, its biochemical precursor. It is synthesized in and secreted by α-cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas . Recent evidence suggests that it is also secreted by the gut itself Nasal Glucagon. Baqsimi Nasal Powder (Eli Lilly) is a nasal glucagon formulation that was approved by the FDA on 25 July 2019. It is a fixed dosage of 3 mg for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in individuals who are ≥4 years of age ().The portable, dry nasal spray needs no reconstitution or priming Glucagon test. Your doctor has referred you for a glucagon test to measure your cortisol (steroid) and/or growth hormone levels after stimulation. These hormones are controlled by the pituitary gland. Please come fasting, i.e. nothing to drink from midnight except sips of water. You will be offered a drink and something to eat at the end of the.
Glucagon is a prescription drug for injection is a gastrointestinal motility inhibitor indicated for use as a diagnostic aid during radiologic examinations to temporarily inhibit movement of the gastrointestinal tract.. Glucagon is available under the following different brand names: Glucagen, Glucagon Emergency Kit, and GlucaGen HypoKit. Dosages of Glucagon What is glucagon? Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar levels. It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas, from where it is released into the bloodstream.The glucagon-secreting alpha cells surround the insulin-secreting beta cells, which reflects the close relationship between the two hormones Ogluo contains the active substance glucagon. Ogluo is a 'hybrid medicine'. This means that it is similar to a 'reference medicine' containing the same active substance. However, Ogluo is available as a solution for injection while the reference medicine is available as a powder that needs to be dissolved to make up the injection
Glucagon is produced in the α-cells of the islets of Langerhans. The hormone opposes the action of insulin. Glucagon promotes the synthesis and mobilization of glucose from glycogen in the liver. The generation of glucose from lipids is regulated by glucagon as well. Additionally, glucacon induces inotropic and chronotropic effects by raising. Glucagon (shown in red) is recognized by cells using a G-protein-coupled receptor (shown in blue). This receptor is a bit different than a typical GPCR, like the one that recognizes adrenaline. It has an extra domain on the outer side of the cell (shown at the top of the illustration here), which traps glucagon and delivers it to the membrane. Always contact emergency services if glucagon is administered in an emergency situation. In management - In cases of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), glucagon allows the body to release sugar into the blood stream, so BGLs elevate to a safer range. Consult a physician to see if it would be helpful to use glucagon in glycemic overshoot prevention The Glucagon Emergency Kit is ready when you need it. Simple and Easy - From the package to the syringe, the kit is simple and easy to use. Ready to Go - Whether you are at home, school, work, or on-the-go, the kit goes with you. Eye Catching - The bright orange case makes it easy for you, or your caregiver, to find it and act quickly
However, glucagon is a peptide and would be expected to be broken down to its constituent amino acids in the infant's digestive tract and is therefore unlikely to cause harm to an exposed infant. Pregnancy Categories. A: Generally acceptable. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk Glucagon is available by prescription and can be administered as a nasal spray or injection. There are several FDA-approved medication options for glucagon, including GlucaGen®, Eli Lilly's Glucagon Emergency Kit for Low Blood Sugar, and a generic option approved in December 2020 グルカゴン ( Glucagon) とは、29アミノ酸残基からなるペプチドホルモンの一種であり、タンパク質およびアミノ酸（ Amino Acid ）の代謝に重要な機能を持つ。 分子量3,485。 インスリン（ Insulin' ）とともに血糖値（ Blood Glucose Levels, Blood Sugar Concentration ）の制御に関係する重要なホルモンの一つである What is glucagon? Glucagon is a counterregulatory hormone that works against the action of insulin. Most people with diabetes know that insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. What many don't know is that other cells in the pancreas called alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon About Your Glucagon Emergency Kit. Glucagon is a hormone made in your pancreas. It causes your liver to release sugar. Because very low blood sugar is dangerous, it needs to be treated right away. Getting an injection of glucagon from your emergency kit will bring up your blood sugar quickly. You will feel better and be safer
Glucagon. The protein hormone secreted by the pancreas which is known to influence a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Glucagon, along with insulin and other hormones, plays a role in the complex and dynamic process of maintaining adequate supplies of sugar in the blood Glucagon is historically described as the counterregulatory hormone to insulin, induced by fasting/hypoglycemia to raise blood glucose through action mediated in the liver. However, it is becoming clear that the biology of glucagon is much more complex and extends beyond hepatic actions to exert control on glucose metabolism. We discuss the inconsistencies with the canonical view that glucagon. Glucagon. Glucagon là một hormone peptide, được sản xuất bởi các tế bào alpha của tuyến tụy. Chất này hoạt động để tăng nồng độ glucose và axit béo trong máu, và được coi là hormone dị hóa chính của cơ thể. Horrmone này cũng được sử dụng như một loại thuốc để điều. It is also known as glucagon nasal powder. BAQSIMI is a prescription medicine used to treat very low blood sugar (severe hypoglycemia) in people with diabetes ages 4 years and above. It is not known if BAQSIMI is safe and effective in children under 4 years of age Define glucagon. glucagon synonyms, glucagon pronunciation, glucagon translation, English dictionary definition of glucagon. n. A hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels, thus opposing the action of insulin
Glucagon: 2338-2 * Component test codes cannot be used to order tests. The information provided here is not sufficient for interface builds; for a complete test mix, please click the sidebar link to access the Interface Map. Aliases Other names that describe the test. Synonyms The generic glucagon for injection is a synthetic version of human glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone that causes the liver to quickly increase blood sugar levels. This hormone also slows down. Glucagon ajuda a manter os níveis de glicose no sangue ao se ligar aos receptores do glucagon nos hepatócitos (células do fígado), fazendo com que o fígado libere glicose - armazenada na forma de glicogênio - através de um processo chamado glicogenólise.Assim que estas reservas acabam, o glucagon faz com que o fígado sintetize glicose adicional através da gliconeogênese The Quantikine Glucagon Immunoassay is a 4.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed to measure Glucagon in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. It contains natural porcine Glucagon as the standard. The antibodies were raised against a human Glucagon synthetic peptide
Glucagon-like peptide 1 belongs to a family of hormones called the incretins, so-called because they enhance the secretion of insulin . Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a product of a molecule called pre-proglucagon, a polypeptide which is split to produce many hormones, including glucagon. Because they come from the same source, these hormones share. Glucagon for Injection is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes. 1.2 Diagnostic Aid Glucagon for Injection is indicated as a diagnostic aid for use during radiologic examinations to temporarily inhibit movement of the gastrointestinal tract in adult patients. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIO
Glucagon is a peptide hormone, synthesized and secreted by Alpha cells of the pancreas. Its main action is to stimulate glycogenolysis, i.e. release of stored glucose (glycogen) from the liver. It also inhibits glycogen synthesis thus averting further storage of glucose in the liver, and increases gluconeogenesis in the liver from protein and fat GLUCAGON IS A KEY REGULATOR OF GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN VIVO. Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism in vivo. Administration of exogenous glucagon increases glucose levels in fasted or fed animals (63, 96), and similar observations were made in humans (29, 42, 57).Consistent with its role as a counterregulatory hormone of insulin, glucagon raises plasma glucose levels in response to.
Jun 18: Xeris reports positive data from two trials. One is a PIII trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of G-Pen vs. Eli Lilly ´s glucagon for injection [rDNA origin] for hypoglycaemia rescue of patients with type 1 diabetes (NCT02656069; XSGP-301) that enrolled 80 patients in the US and Canada Glucagon products now available in the U.S. and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved: Nasal Powder. Eli Lilly and Co.'s powder glucagon uses a device similar in size to a typical nasal spray to drive powdered glucagon into your nose, where it's absorbed into the bloodstream. This is a fast, one-step process Glucagon Deficiency: Disease Bioinformatics Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by cells in the pancreas, which, with an effect opposite of insulin, raises the concentration of glucose found in the blood stream by promoting glucogenesis and glycogenolysis The glucagon signaling pathway refers to the sum of a series of proteins and regulatory factors involved in the function of glucagon. Human pancreatic hyperglycemia is a linear polypeptide consisting of 29 amino acids with a molecular weight of 3485, which is also cleaved by precursors of macromolecules Gvoke® (glucagon injection) is a prescription medicine used to treat very low blood sugar (severe hypoglycemia) in adults and kids with diabetes ages 2 years and above. See Important Safety Information and Full Prescribing Information
O glucagon é um hormônio produzido pelo pâncreas e trabalha como um antagonista da insulina, aumentando os níveis plasmáticos de glicose, cetoácidos, ácidos graxos livres e diminui os níveis de aminoácidos. Eles possuem efeitos antagônicos em outras tarefas hepáticas. Estrutura e síntese . Possui uma cadeia simples com 29 aminoácidos. É sintetizado por um precursor pré-pró. Glucagon also induces the liver (and some other cells such as muscle) to make glucose out of building blocks obtained from other nutrients found in the body (eg, protein). Our bodies desire blood glucose to be maintained between 70 mg/dl and 110 mg/dl (mg/dl means milligrams of glucose in 100 milliliters of blood)
An injection of glucagon will quickly raise your blood glucose level. Talk with your health care provider about when and how to use a glucagon emergency kit. If you have an emergency kit, check the date on the package to make sure it hasn't expired Glucagon for Injection (rDNA origin) is a polypeptide hormone identical to human glucagon that increases blood glucose and relaxes smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Glucagon is synthesized in a special non-pathogenic laboratory strain of bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for glucagon Glucagon is a key catabolic hormone consisting of 29 amino acids. It is secreted from pancreatic α-cells. Described by Roger Unger in the 1950s, glucagon was characterized as opposing the effects of insulin. 38 Glucagon plays a major role in sustaining plasma glucose during fasting conditions by stimulating hepatic glucose production O glucagon é um hormônio hiperglicemiante responsável pelo aumento do nível da glicose na corrente sanguínea quando ela se encontra abaixo do que é considerado normal - uma concentração entre 70 e 110 mg/100ml.. É produzido pelo pâncreas, uma glândula mista produtora do suco pancreático, em sua porção exócrina, e do glucagon e da insulina, em sua porção endócrina Glucagon is a hormone that increases blood sugar levels. It also slows involuntary muscle movements of the stomach and intestines that aid in digestion
Glucagón y diabetes. El glucagón es una hormona peptídica, secretada por el páncreas, que aumenta los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, a diferencia de la insulina, a la que contrarregula. En concreto, el glucagón se produce dentro del páncreas en las células alfa de los islotes de Langerhans, que rodean a las células beta, productoras. Glucagon is a peptide comprised of 29 amino acids that is secreted at low levels from pancreatic α cells in the basal non-fasting state; whereas during long-term fasting or in response to. Glucagon Physiology. Glucagon is a hormone secreted during times of low nutrient intake and modifies hepatic metabolism to boost blood glucose concentration. As such, glucagon is an important factor involved in blood glucose regulation. Glucagon is a peptide hormone synthesized by the alpha cells of the endocrine pancreas • Glucagon plays a vital role in regulating blood glucose concentration when it is lower than default level, but the glycogen is a form storage compound in human and other animals. • Glucagon is synthesized by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans while glycogen is synthesized and stored in the liver
Glucagon is a protein secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. When released, glucagon results in blood glucose elevation by increasing the breakdown of glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis) and stimulating glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glucose. As the level of blood sugar decreases, the pancreas releases more glucagon. And as blood sugar increases, the pancreas releases less glucagon. The provider may measure glucagon level if a person has symptoms of: Diabetes (not commonly measured Elevation of glucagon levels and increase in α-cell mass are associated with states of hyperglycemia in diabetes. Our previous studies have highlighted the role of nutrient signaling via mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulation that controls glucagon secretion and α-cell mass. In the current studies we investigated the effects of activation of nutrient signaling by conditional deletion of the. Descriptions. Glucagon injection is an emergency medicine used to treat severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in diabetes patients treated with insulin who have passed out or cannot take some form of sugar by mouth. Glucagon injection is also used as a diagnostic aid during X-ray tests of the stomach and bowels
• Glucagon may be ineffective in patients lacking stored glycogen (e.g. alcoholic patients with impaired liver function and neonates). • Oral carbohydrates should be given when the patient has responded to glucagon treatment to restore liver glycogen and to prevent secondary hypoglycaemia Glucagon is a hormone that counter-regulates insulin and sustains glucose homeostasis to prevent hypoglycemia. The action of the two hormones is crucial to maintaining glucose homeostasis Glucagon (auch Glukagon) ist ein Peptidhormon, dessen Hauptwirkung die Erhöhung des Blutzuckerspiegels durch Anregung der Bildung von energiereicher Glucose aus Glykogen in der Leber ist. Es wird aus den Präkursoren Präglucagon und Präproglucagon in den Langerhans-Inseln der Bauchspeicheldrüse (α-Inselzellen) gebildet. Bei Blutzuckerabfall, aber auch nach einer proteinreichen Mahlzeit.
Glucagon is a hormone that increases blood sugar levels. It also slows involuntary muscle movements of the stomach and intestines that aid in digestion.. Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).Glucagon is also used during a radiologic (x-ray) examination to help diagnose certain disorders of the stomach or intestines Glucagon counteracts the effects of insulin by instructing the liver to release stored glucose into the blood. After a meal, the release of glucagon is normally blocked to prevent excessive. The onset of action of glucagon is within 5 minutes and the duration of action is 15 minutes. Therefore, the bolus must be followed with an infusion of 3-5 mg or more per hour in order to support the heart rate and blood pressure. Hyperglycemia and vomiting are the adverse events most often associated with glucagon administration
GVOKE (glucagon) injection, for subcutaneous use Initial U.S. Approval: 1960 -----INDICATIONS AND USAGE----- GVOKE is an antihypoglycemic agent indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and a dult patients with diabetes ages 2 years and above. (1) shock with breathing difficulties, and hypotension.. GLUCAGON prescription and dosage sizes information for physicians and healthcare professionals. Pharmacology, adverse reactions, warnings and side effects
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based therapies (eg, GLP-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [DPP-4] inhibitors) affect glucose control through several mechanisms, including enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, slowed gastric emptying, and reduction of postprandial glucagon and food intake ( table 1 ). These agents do not. Glucagon is also sometimes useful for reversing the cardiac effects of a beta-blocker overdose. [ 8] Table 2: Metabolic Actions of Insulin and Glucagon [ 3] Table. (Open Table in a new window. Glucagon is synthesized as the precursor molecule proglucagon and is proteolytically processed to yield the mature peptide in α cells of the pancreatic islets. Glucagon causes the release of glucose from glycogen and stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver (1,2)
But glucagon plays a large role in type 2 diabetes as well. When we have type 2 diabetes, not only is our insulin not sufficient to keep BG levels in check, but our glucagon levels are too high Glucagon is a 29-residue polypeptide hormone (MW 3482), produced in the pancreas. A related hormone, enteroglucagon (or oxyntomodulin), which is produced in the mucosa of the small and large intestine, consists of the 29 amino acid sequence of pancreatic glucagons extended by 8 additional residues at the C-terminus GLUCAGON increases blood sugar. This medicine is used as an emergency treatment for severe low blood sugar in patients with diabetes.It is also used during certain diagnostic exams of the stomach and other digestive organs Glucagon Novo Nordisk används när personen inte kan inta socker via munnen. Glukagon är ett naturligt hormon, som har motsatt effekt till insulin i kroppen. Det hjälper levern att omvandla ett ämne som kallas glykogen till glukos (socker). Glukos frigörs sedan till blodet - detta gör att blodsockernivån höjs Glucagon Emergency Kit (Human-Recomb) 1 Mg Solution For Injection Generic Name: glucagon . This medication is the same as your body's own glucagon, a natural substance that raises blood sugar by.
What is glucagon? Glucagon is a hormone that helps the liver release glucose in order to raise blood-sugar levels. It can be administered through injection, auto-injection pen or nasal spray. Glucagon is generally used when a person with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unable to swallow liquid or food because of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar. Der Glucagon-Stimulationstest, kurz GST, ist ein endokrinologischer Funktionstest, der zur Differentialdiagnostik der Hyperinsulinämie, des Wachtumshormonmangels und des Phäochromozytoms eingesetzt wird. 2 Testprinzip 2.1 Hyperinsulinämie. Der Glucagon-Test dient der Prüfung der Stimulierbarkeit der Betazellen des Pankreas Glucagon is secreted from the pancreatic alpha cells upon hypoglycemia and stimulates hepatic glucose production. Type 2 diabetes is associated with dysregulated glucagon secretion, and increased glucagon concentrations contribute to the diabetic hyperglycemia. Antagonists of the glucagon receptor have been considered as glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes patients, but their clinical. The opposite effects of insulin and glucagon in fuel homeostasis, the paracrine/endocrine inhibitory effects of insulin on glucagon secretion and the hyperglucagonemia in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have long been recognized. Inappropriately increased alpha-cell function importantly contributes to hyperglycemia and reflects the loss of tonic restraint normally exerted by high.
Glucagon is a counter-regulatory hormone opposing the actions of insulin in glucose homoeostasis. The intravenous administration of glucagon raises blood glucose substantially in nondiabetic individuals. 6 Glucagon is thought to play an important role in the maintenance of fasting and postprandial glucose homeostasis. 6,7 By stimulating hepatic. 1 unit of glucagon = 1 mg of glucagon. Unlicensed use. TOXBASE advises glucagon is used for the treatment of severe hypotension, heart failure or cardiogenic shock due to acute overdosage of beta-blockers, but it is not licensed for this indication. Unlicensed for growth hormone test and hyperinsulinism In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by post-translational processing in the intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1 (7-37) GLP-1- (7-36)amide GLUCAGON is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma because glucagon may stimulate the release of catecholamines from the tumor. If the patient develops a substantial increase in blood pressure and a previously undiagnosed pheochromocytoma is suspected, 5 to 10 mg of phentolamine mesylate, administered intravenously, has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure